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<title>Document Content Architecture</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Document Content Architecture</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding-bottom: 0.15em;">DCA</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="Document_file_format" title="Document file format">Document file format</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Extended to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="MODCA" title="MODCA">MO:DCA</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Document Content Architecture</b>, or <b>DCA</b> for short, is a standard developed by <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> for text documents in the early 1980s. DCA was used on <a href="Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe</a> and <a href="IBM_i" title="IBM i">IBM i</a> systems and formed the basis of <a href="DisplayWrite" class="mw-redirect" title="DisplayWrite">DisplayWrite</a>'s file format. DCA was later extended as <a href="MODCA" title="MODCA">MO:DCA</a> (Mixed Object Document Content Architecture), which added embedded <a href="Data_file" title="Data file">data files</a>.

</p><p>The original purpose of DCA was to provide a common document format that could be used across multiple IBM word processing platforms, such as the <a href="IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a>, <a href="IBM_mainframes" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM mainframes">IBM mainframes</a>, the <a href="IBM_Displaywriter_System" title="IBM Displaywriter System">Displaywriter System</a>, and the <a href="IBM_5520" title="IBM 5520">IBM 5520 Administrative System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Enterprise1984_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enterprise1984-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>DCA defines two types of documents:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-automatique1988_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-automatique1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><i>Revisable-Form Text</i> (DCA/RFT) which is editable.</li>

<li><i>Final-Form Text</i> (DCA/FFT) which is "formatted for a particular output device and cannot be changed."</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div><p>

DCA defines a data stream representing a <a href="Document" title="Document">document</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">

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</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Documents may contain fonts, overlays and other resource objects required at presentation time to present the data properly. Finally, documents may contain resource objects, such as a document index and tagging elements supporting the search and navigation of document data, for a variety of application purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-MODCA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MODCA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup></p></blockquote>

<p>MO:DCA is the wrapper or container for various <i>objects</i> that can make up the document. Each object is defined by its own subordinate architecture. The architectures are:<sup id="cite_ref-MODCA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MODCA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li>Presentation Text Object Content Architecture (PTOCA) describes formatted text, including text attributes such as font or color.</li>

<li>Image Object Content Architecture (IOCA) describes resolution-independent images.</li>

<li>Graphics Object Content Architecture (GOCA) describes <a href="Vector_graphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector graphic">vector graphic</a> images. A variation of GOCA, AFP GOCA, is used in <a href="Advanced_Function_Presentation" title="Advanced Function Presentation">Advanced Function Presentation</a> environments.</li>

<li>Bar Code Object Content Architecture (BCOCA) describes <a href="Bar_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar code">bar codes</a> in a number of different formats.</li>

<li>Font Object Content Architecture (FOCA) describes fonts to be used in the document.</li>

<li>Color Management Object Content Architecture (CMOCA) describes the required color management information.</li></ul>

<p>Each architecture uses a series of binary structured fields to describe its corresponding object.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revisable-Form_Text">Revisable-Form Text</h2></div>

<table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding-bottom: 0.15em;">Revisable-Form Text</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="Document_file_format" title="Document file format">Document file format</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Revisable-Form Text</b> (abbreviated <b>RFT</b> or <b>RFT-DCA</b>) is part of DCA. It is sometimes referred to as <i>Revisable Format Text</i>. It was used by <a href="IBM_DisplayWrite" title="IBM DisplayWrite">IBM DisplayWriter</a> 4 and 5 <a href="Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processors</a> on <a href="System/360" class="mw-redirect" title="System/360">System/360</a> and 370 <a href="Mainframe_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainframe computers">mainframe computers</a>, and <a href="IBM_OfficeVision" title="IBM OfficeVision">OfficeVision/400</a> to allow transfer of formatted documents to other systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Enterprise1984_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enterprise1984-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>RFT has a counterpart <b>Final-Form Text</b> (abbreviated <b>FFT</b> or <b>FFT-DCA</b>), which was not intended to be editable and was output-only.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

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<p>The drive to initiate international standards for the DCAs was initiated in 1980 at the IBM Rochester facility. A team, consisting of two MODCA architects, an RTOCA architect, and a PTOCA architect, was assembled. These architects were responsible for forming IBM consensus for the design of the data streams and to take the work into the international standards arena. There was a concerted effort to bring the international community into the development. This decision was based in part on the experience gained over the acceptance of GML into an international SGML standard. To avoid the long delay of creating the architecture, they wanted to get everyone involved early. <a href="SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> standardization had taken many years to develop. IBM's work with document content had been pushed by the needs of main frame computers where GML and DCA were in use, but that experience was pointing to a need for standardized component architectures for revisable and non-revisable text in particular.

</p><p>In 1981, shortly after its inception, the group was moved along with the IBM 5280 Distributed Data System to IBM Austin near Round Rock, TX, where the work continued with mixed success. As the architectures were becoming more firmly positioned on the international stage, the team was moved again in 1987 to The IBM Dallas Programming Center, where in 1998 it was disbanded and the work on the DCA architectures discontinued due mainly to the PC community which had gone in a different direction of necessity. The DCA architectures were fully completed, but not completely agreed upon after 18 years. There were no active implementations in sight.<sup id="cite_ref-Enterprise1984_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enterprise1984-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The PC world had decided on <a href="HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> (believed to be an application of the <a href="SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a> international standard) and used portions of it for their purposes. Microsoft Word eventually used the similar datastream for the internal working datastream for storage of editable content. Even though the SGML standard was available, it was impractical to use the full SGML parser implementation, so a potential subset of it became the de facto standard for revisable text used today in the PC arena.

</p><p>At about the same time, Adobe Systems designed and produced the printable document encoding <a href="PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>, which has become the standard for PC-produced printable documents. The international standard was set in 2008, with input from the users, who decided to use the products offered in great numbers. The decision was driven by the need for the product, and the solution found was far more acceptable than the standards committees could design. Over 10 years of work had not produced an acceptable method, and the PC computing community created what they needed in less time.<sup id="cite_ref-automatique1988_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-automatique1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Attempting to achieve a consensus document data stream was quickly out-flanked by the available and usable content provided by the companies who did not attempt to share with others, but created a workable solution and successfully sold it to users. The output of the word processing software is 'printed' into the PDF format provided by the most used presentation product. For example, Microsoft Word provides a printer selection 'Microsoft Print to PDF' to produce the requisite output for a PDF document. A similar method could have been used to produce the international standard had one eventually arrived.

</p><p>When IBM disbanded its Dallas Programming Center in 1998, the entire staff of architects retired and left the company, except the manager, who was moved, ending the DCA architecture project for the foreseeable future at IBM.<sup id="cite_ref-Enterprise1984_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enterprise1984-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Advanced_Function_Presentation" title="Advanced Function Presentation">Advanced Function Presentation</a></li>

<li><a href="Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format">Rich Text Format</a> (RTF) – another formatting code system that is sometimes confused with Revisable-Form Text.</li>

<li><a href="List_of_document_markup_languages" title="List of document markup languages">List of document markup languages</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFHenkel1984" class="citation cs2">Henkel, Tom (21 May 1984), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KAUpSdv4AO4C&pg=PA7">"IBM taking the standardization route to DPP"</a>, <i><a href="Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>, vol. 18, no. 21, IDG Enterprise, p. 7, <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4841">0010-4841</a></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,1237,t=DCA&i=40961,00.asp">"PC Magazine Encyclopedia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-automatique1988-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-automatique1988_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-automatique1988_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFde_la_Beaujardière1988" class="citation book cs1">de la Beaujardière, Jean Marie (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lfg8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA83">"Well-established document interchange formats"</a>. <i>Document Manipulation and Typography: Proceedings of the International Conference on Electronic Publishing, Document Manipulation and Typography, Nice (France) April 20-22 1988</i>. CUP Archive. p. 83. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-521-36294-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-MODCA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MODCA_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MODCA_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIBM_Corporation2006" class="citation book cs1">IBM Corporation (May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publibfp.dhe.ibm.com/epubs/pdf/ha3m7mst.pdf"><i>Mixed Object Document Content Architecture Reference</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Feb 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sgmlsource.com/">"Home"</a>. <i>sgmlsource.com</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afpcinc.org/">AFP Consortium homepage</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFAdvanced_Function_Presentation_Consortium2017" class="citation book cs1">Advanced Function Presentation Consortium (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afpcinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/AFP-GOCA-Reference-Graphics-Object-Content-Architecture-for-AFP-Reference.pdf"><i>Graphics Object Content Architecture for Advanced Function Presentation Reference</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Fourth ed.)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Feb 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1996" class="citation book cs1">Williams; et al. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US5513323.pdf"><i>Method and Apparatus for Multistage Document Format Transformation in a Data Processing System</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite> United States patent number 5,513,323</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Multi-purpose_office_document_file_formats124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multi-purpose <a href="Office_suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Office suite">office</a> <a href="Document_file_format" title="Document file format">document file formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editable document formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Compound_Document_Format" title="Compound Document Format">Compound Document Format</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Office_XML_formats" title="Microsoft Office XML formats">Microsoft Office XML formats</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">Open Document Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenDoc" title="OpenDoc">OpenDoc</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">OpenDocument</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenOffice.org_XML" title="OpenOffice.org XML">OpenOffice.org XML</a></li>

<li><a href="Revisable-Form_Text" class="mw-redirect" title="Revisable-Form Text">Revisable-Form Text</a></li>

<li><a href="Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format">Rich Text Format</a></li>

<li><a href="Uniform_Office_Format" title="Uniform Office Format">Uniform Office Format</a></li>

<li><a href="Doc_(computing)" title="Doc (computing)">Word document</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fixed document formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Envoy_(WordPerfect)" title="Envoy (WordPerfect)">Envoy</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a></li>

<li><a href="PDF" title="PDF">Portable Document Format</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encoding</a>

<ul><li><a href="ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a></li>

<li><a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Document_markup_languages120" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Document_markup_languages120" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Markup_language" title="Markup language">Document markup languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Office_suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Office suite">Office suite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Compound_Document_Format" title="Compound Document Format">Compound Document Format</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">OOXML</a>

<ul><li><a href="SpreadsheetML" title="SpreadsheetML">SpreadsheetML</a></li>

<li><a href="PresentationML" class="mw-redirect" title="PresentationML">PresentationML</a></li>

<li><a href="WordprocessingML" class="mw-redirect" title="WordprocessingML">WordprocessingML</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Well-known</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a></li>

<li><a href="MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a></li>

<li><a href="LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a></li>

<li><a href="Markdown" title="Markdown">Markdown</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lesser-known</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AmigaGuide" title="AmigaGuide">AmigaGuide</a></li>

<li><a href="AsciiDoc" title="AsciiDoc">AsciiDoc</a></li>

<li><a href="BBCode" title="BBCode">BBCode</a></li>

<li><a href="ConTeXt" title="ConTeXt">ConTeXt</a></li>

<li><a href="CrossMark" class="mw-redirect" title="CrossMark">CrossMark</a></li>

<li><a href="DocBook" title="DocBook">DocBook</a></li>

<li><a href="Enriched_text" title="Enriched text">Enriched text</a></li>

<li><a href="FHTML" title="FHTML">FHTML</a></li>

<li><a href="GuideML" class="mw-redirect" title="GuideML">GuideML</a></li>

<li><a href="HyTime" title="HyTime">HyTime</a></li>

<li><a href="LilyPond" title="LilyPond">LilyPond</a></li>

<li><a href="LinuxDoc" title="LinuxDoc">LinuxDoc</a></li>

<li><a href="MusicXML" title="MusicXML">MusicXML</a></li>

<li><a href="OMDoc" title="OMDoc">OMDoc</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenMath" title="OpenMath">OpenMath</a></li>

<li><a href="ReStructuredText" title="ReStructuredText">ReStructuredText</a></li>

<li><a href="Setext" title="Setext">Setext</a></li>

<li><a href="Texinfo" title="Texinfo">Texinfo</a></li>

<li><a href="Troff" title="Troff">troff</a></li>

<li><a href="Wiki#Editing" title="Wiki">Wikitext</a></li>

<li><a href="WapTV" title="WapTV">WapTV</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="List_of_document_markup_languages" title="List of document markup languages">List of document markup languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-01-12" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Document_Content_Architecture&oldid=1268902769">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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